股神十大致富之道

有關股神巴菲特的書籍雖然多不勝數,但其「官方版本自傳」直至本月底才正式首度面世。該本名為《雪球:巴菲特和生活的事業》(The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life)的自傳,勢將成為今年最受注目的金融界名人書籍。書中股神向作者施羅德分享了自己成功的竅門。施羅德本周便率先撰文,披露股神十大致富之道。

書名《雪球》來自人生格言
《雪球》一書將於9月29日出版,書名來自巴菲特的格言:「人生就像雪球。最重要的東西,是找濕漉漉的雪,以及找座斜坡夠長的山。」這本巨著厚近1000頁,由前大摩保險分析師施羅德(Alice Schroeder)撰寫,出版商為Bantam Dell,每本訂價約35美元(約273港元)。

施羅德在仍是分析員的時候首次接觸巴菲特,她當時為巴菲特的旗艦公司巴郡工作。出版商表示,施羅德花了「數千小時」和巴菲特一起傾談他的生活和事業,還得以接觸到股神的朋友,以及公司的大批舊檔案。據悉巴菲特非常欣賞施羅德對事物的理解及洞察力,兩人因而成為好友。

為了給新書造勢,出版商還安排施羅德撰寫題為「十種致富方法——對你一樣有效的巴菲特秘訣」的文章,搶閘披露股神的理財心得,包括將利潤再投資、不要做羊群、盡量勿借貸、知所進退、條件先講清、勿猶豫不決、留意小開支等。

大摩分析師執筆 訪談數千小時
出版商稱,《雪球》一書用了新角度去描繪巴菲特的人生,包括他的價值觀、他的投資策略,以及他的人生經歷,「這一切加起來就變成了一個偉大的美國故事」。

1. 利潤再投資
巴菲特在高中時和朋友合伙,買了部彈珠機放在理髮店內,又將賺到的錢用來添置彈珠機放在不同商店。最後他分別在8間店添置彈珠機,當他把彈珠機生意轉手時,就把賺回來的錢投資股票及做小生意,令只有26歲的他賺到17.4萬美元——相當於今天的140萬美元(約1100萬港元)

2. 不要做羊群
1956年,巴菲特找來一小群投資者集資10萬美元投資,他沒有跟風到華爾街工作,而是留在他成長的小鎮奧瑪哈。由於他一直拒絕透露將錢投資到哪裏,人們還以為他已蝕光,直至14年後埋單,大家才知他的投資組合,總值已超過1億美元,原來其成功之道就是「不跟大圍」,專找一些市值被低估的企業投資,做到回報率每年都高於市場平均

3. 勿猶豫不決
決定前先蒐資料,但必須找一名要好親朋,督促自己必須在死線期限前下決定。巴菲特常對自己的果斷而感到自豪,最不喜歡無謂的空想枯坐。當人們向他提出生意及投資建議時,他會說﹕「除非你清楚向我開出一個價錢,否則我不會和你談。」

4. 條件先講清
在一項工作開始前,你的討價還價能力永遠是最高的。當你向其他人提供一些東西、服務時,記得先問清楚報酬。巴菲特這項經驗來自小時候,有次祖父找他和一個朋友去清理被風雪掩蓋的家族雜貨店,他們兩人花了5小時鏟雪、直到手也凍僵後,卻只獲得合共90美仙,從此巴菲特就記得在工作前要先講好價錢

5. 留意小開支
巴菲特最愛投資那些對最瑣碎開支也很在意的公司。他曾投資過一間公司,該公司老闆竟試過拆散一卷聲稱有500格的廁紙,檢查是否足數(最後發現果然不夠500張)。他也很欣賞一名朋友,因為他只把辦公室面向馬路一邊的外牆髹油漆。對所有支出保持警惕,可令利潤及回報更多

6. 限制借貸額
巴菲特從沒試過借錢投資,甚至連做按揭借錢買樓也未試過。以信用卡和借貸度日,絕對不會令你變得富有。股神曾收過很多人來信,他們起初都以為可管理好借貸,最後卻被債務逼得喘不過氣。他的建議是:盡量跟貸款者討價還價,爭取以你能力所及的方式還款。若你沒負債務時,儲些錢來投資

7. 堅持與變通
不屈不撓以及足智多謀的小戶,也絕對有機會戰勝那些具規模的對手

8. 要懂得止蝕
巴菲特少年時曾試過賭馬。他賭了一場賽事,輸錢了,由於想把輸掉的再賺回來,他把賭注押在另一場比賽上,結果又輸。那次他輸掉了整周的收入。但他自此再沒重犯這錯誤。記緊要懂得止蝕,不要被焦慮感所騙而冒險再試。

9. 要評估風險
1995年,巴菲特兒子豪伊任職的公司被聯調局指控聯手抬價,巴菲特之後叫兒子評估一下在該公司繼續工作,可能發生的最好及最壞狀况。他的兒子立刻意識到,留在公司的風險,遠遠大於得着,翌日就交上辭職信。當你猶豫未決時,問自己「之後又如何?」,能幫你看清所有可能性,引領你作出最聰明選擇。

10. 為成功下定議
儘管坐擁巨富,巴菲特卻不以金錢來衡量成功。他在06年就將畢生大部分積蓄捐了給蓋茨成立的慈善基金。他也不要以自己的名字,為任何建築物命名。「當你來到我的年紀,你就會以你想有多少人愛你,以及實際上有多少人愛你,來衡量你人生是否成功。這是判斷你過了怎麼樣人生的終極指標。」

About terence0425leung

哲人無憂,智者常樂。並不是因為所愛的一切他都擁有了,而是所擁有的一切他都愛。
本篇發表於 未分類。將永久鏈結加入書籤。

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